http://www.sciencedaily.com/encyclopedia/Slavic_peoples#Slavs_in_the_Historical_Period
http://www.islandnet.com/~edonon/slavic.htm
http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/monde/langues_slaves.htm
Langues slaves |
Groupes |
Langues |
|
Slave de l’Ouest (occidental) |
polabe (langue morte) |
|
Slave du Sud (méridional) |
slavon
(langue morte) |
|
Slave de l’Est (oriental) |
russe,
biélo-russe, ukrainien (et ruthène) |
Les langues
slaves constituent l'une des branches les plus importantes et les plus
homogènes de la famille indo-européenne. Au total, c’est plus de 315 millions de locuteurs dans le monde,
qui parlent des langues slaves. Les langues principales sont le russe (170 millions), le polonais (44 millions), l'ukrainien (41 millions), le serbo-croate (20 millions), le tchèque (12 millions), le bulgare (9 millions), le macédonien (2 millions), le biélo-russe (10,2 millions), le slovaque (5,6 millions), le slovène (2,2 million). Il existe aussi
des langues mineures comme le sorabe
(70 000) parlé en Allemagne et le ruthène
(125 000), lequel est apparenté à l’ukrainien et est parlé en Ukraine, en
Roumanie et en Slovaquie.
Carte reproduite avec l'aimable autorisation de M. Mikael Parkvall de l'Institutionen för lingvistik, Université de Stockholm.
1 La parenté linguistique
La parenté des langues slaves est très étroite.
Les linguistes distinguent trois sous-groupes au
sein desquels la parenté est encore plus évidente:
1) Le slave méridional : slovène,
serbo-croate et bulgare et macédonien.
2) Le slave occidental : slavon
(éteint) polonais, tchèque et slovaque, qui sont apparus dans l'histoire vers
le XIIIe siècle.
3) Le slave oriental : russe, biélorusse et ukrainien (et le ruthène);
les langues du slave oriental en constituaient jadis une seule et se sont
fragmentées vers le XIIe siècle.
2 L’écriture: alphabet latin et alphabet cyrillique
Les différences les plus apparentes entre les
langues slaves résulte de leur écriture. Les Slaves qui ont été christianisés
par l'Église catholique romaine utilisent l’alphabet latin, tandis que ceux qui
le furent par l'Église byzantine dite orthodoxe emploient aujourd’hui
l’alphabet cyrillique. Ainsi, l’héritage catholique a favorisé
l’alphabet latin avec le CROATE, le
POLONAIS, le TCHÈQUE, le SLOVAQUE, le SLOVÈNE et le SORABE. L’héritage du monde
orthodoxe a favorisé l’alphabet cyrillique
avec le SERBE (Serbie), le RUSSE (Russie), le BIÉLORUSSE (Bélarus), l’UKRAINIEN
(Ukraine), le BULGARE (Bulgarie) et le MACÉDONIEN (Macédoine). Cependant, en
Russie, on parle d'«alphabet russe», l'appellation de cyrillique servant à
désigner seulement la graphie du slavon utilisée en Russie jusqu'au début du
XVIIIe siècle.
On croit généralement que l'alphabet cyrillique a été créé au IXe
siècle à partir de l'alphabet grec par les missionnaires Cyrille (de son vrai nom Constantin) et Méthode. En fait, les deux frères Cyrille et
Méthode, tous deux originaires de Salonique, ont traduit à partir de 862 en
langue macédonienne, (c'est-à-dire le vieux-slave ou slavon ou slavon
d'église), des textes grecs tirés de la Bible et des Évangiles, de même que
d'autres textes de la liturgie orthodoxe grecque. Étant donné que le slavon et
les autres langues slaves ne disposaient pas encore d'écriture, Cyrille et
Méthode créèrent un alphabet aux caractères compliqués appelé alphabet glagolitique. Ce n'est qu'après leur mort que, au début du Xe
siècle, l'un des disciples de Méthode, vraisemblablement saint Clément (évêque
d'Okhride, mort en l'an 916), décida de transcrire en caractères grecs les
textes traduits par Cyrille et Méthode jusque là calligraphiés en glagolitique.
Du fait que les lettres de l'alphabet grec semblaient insuffisantes pour rendre
compte de tous le sons reproduits par la graphie glagolitique, il y
ajouta plusieurs lettres tirées de l'alphabet hébreu. En souvenir de ses
maîtres, il donna au nouvel alphabet le nom de cyrillique.
La langue maternelle de Cyrille et Méthode, le slavon, est restée la langue
liturgique de l'orthodoxie slave. Cette langue aujourd'hui disparue comme
langue parlée demeure la source des langues littéraires de tous les pays slaves
orthodoxes. L'alphabet cyrillique est considéré comme un trésor commun dans les
six pays slaves orthodoxes d'Europe.
3 Les «nouvelles langues» issues du serbo-croate
Jusqu’à
l’éclatement de la République socialiste fédérative de Yougoslavie, le serbo-croate constituait une seule et unique
langue. Le serbo-croate (appelé parfois croato-serbe en Croatie) des
Croates et des Bosniaques s'écrivait en alphabet latin, alors que le
serbo-croate des Serbes orthodoxes s’écrivait en alphabet cyrillique.
Lors du
démantèlement de la Yougoslavie socialiste et à partir du déclenchement des
hostilités avec la Serbie en 1991, les Croates ont cherché à accentuer les
différences entre le croate et le serbe, en ressuscitant des archaïsmes
lexicaux et en soulignant la différence d'écriture. Aujourd’hui, on ne parle
plus du serbo-croate comme langue, mais du croate, du serbe, du bosniaque,
voire du monténégrin, comme des langues distinctes.
L’écriture des
Serbes et des Monténégrins reste incompréhensible pour les Croates et les
Bosniaques, mais l’intercompréhension demeure encore presque parfaite à l’oral.
Bien entendu, le croate est devenu la
langue officielle de la nouvelle république de Croatie alors que le serbe
est devenu la langue officielle de la république de Serbie. Le serbe, le croate et le bosniaque sont les langues officielles de la Bosnie-Herzégovine. Quant à
la petite république du Monténégro,
l’une des constituantes de la République fédérale de la Yougoslavie actuelle,
le monténégrin en est la langue
officielle.
En somme, le serbe,
le croate, le monténégrin et le bosniaque sont des
variantes régionales d’une même langue. Persuadés qu’une nation doit disposer
de sa propre langue, les Serbes, les Croates, les Monténégrins et les
Bosniaques tentent aujourd’hui de «purifier» avec plus ou moins de succès leur
variété linguistique des «impuretés» des autres, c’est-à-dire de tout apport
extérieur: c’est présentement la grande lessive linguistique dans les Balkans!
Un «vrai Croate» un «vrai Serbe», etc., doit se garder d’utiliser les «mauvais»
régionalismes (ceux des autres).
Pourtant, les
similitudes entre les trois langues sont beaucoup plus nombreuses que les
différences. Par exemple, lorsqu’un Bosniaque commande un café, il demande un kahva
(avec un h aspiré), un Serbe demande un kafa, alors qu’un Croate réclame
un kava. Dans la vie quotidienne, les différences au plan phonétique ne
vont pas plus loin. Toutefois, les nouveaux usages linguistiques ne sont pas
encore acquis par tous, car les innombrables synonymes locaux mêlent tout le
monde, mais les germes de la purification linguistique sont
omniprésents. Les communicateurs de la radio-télévision, les politiciens, les
professeurs, voire les simples passants, corrigent avec fermeté ceux qui
utilisent un mot jugé "étranger", c’est-à-dire, selon le cas, croate,
serbe, bosniaque, etc. Quant aux Serbes qui sont persuadés de parler la «vraie
langue», ils estiment que les Croates, les Bosniaques et les Monténégrins
parlent tous des dialectes du serbe. En somme, le nationalisme a aussi gagné la
langue.
Slavic peoples
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
The Slavic peoples,
the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe, reside chiefly in the east of that continent but are also found in Asia east to the Pacific Ocean.
Slavs have their origin from the Indo-European family.
|
Table of contents |
One can customarily divide the Slavs into the following subgroups:
- East Slavs:
- Russians,
- Lippovan
Russians,
- Ukrainians,
- Belarusians.
- West Slavs:
- Poles,
- Kaschubians
and Slovincians,
- Masurians,
- Silesians,
- Czechs,
- Slovaks,
- Sorbs
(Lusatians, Serb-Lusatians).
- South Slavs:
Two major historical theories address the issue of
the original homeland of Slavs:
1.the autochthonic theory
assumes that Slavs had lived north of the Carpathian Mountains since 1000 BC.
2.the allochthonic theory
assumes that the Slavs came there in the 5th or 6th century AD.
Germans and different Slavic nations employed both
theories as tools of political propaganda, resulting in general confusion. Some scientists (such as Kazimierz
Godlowski or Zdenek
Vana) consider both theories absurd: they think that
Slavs as such appeared and differentiated themselves from other tribes at some
time after 1AD. One theory suggests that two waves of Slavs existed: Proto-Slavs (called Wenetes or Veneds) and Slavs proper; and that these two groups
mixed to become today's Slavs. That theory at least tries to deal with the very
complicated questions arising from archeological findings in the area of the Slavic lands. Nobody knows for sure where
the Slavs lived before their big expansion. Slavs first appeared in history
living in the Pripiet Marshes area, but a considerable number of Southern Slavic words have
Indo-Iranian links.
The opposite recent theory postulates an
autochthonous Slavic origin from pre-glacial times. The Germanic and Rumanian
populations, by this theory, would have arisen from the effect of language
changes after conquest. This theory is based on genetic research and a theory
of multi-regional human evolution instead of the "out of
Still more confusion
comes from the fact that some Slavic peoples originated as a result of complete
assimilation of ancient non-Slavic peoples. For example, the
roots of modern Bulgarians can be traced to Central-Asian Bulgars.
Slavs appeared in early histories as Venedes or Wends, but their connection to the Veneds mentioned by Tacitus, Ptolemy and
Pliny, remains uncertain,
and the similarity of the two names may have come about accidentally.
Controversy surrounds the connection between the Lugii and the Slavs. Some recent authors connect the Lugii with Slavs, some
with Germans, and still others claim that they formed a compound tribe, or a
confederation of tribes of different ethnicity. The Lugii or Lygii had earlier Celtic elements and were actually recorded as a part of the Vandals in Magna Germania, which included the territory of present-day Silesia (named
for the Silingi-Vandals). The city of
Some later writers recorded the names of Slavic
peoples as Sclavens, Sclovene, and Ants. Jordanes mentions that the Venets sub-divided into three groups: the Venets, the
Ants and the Sklavens. Traditionally the name "Venets" has become associated
with the
Even the origin of the word "Slav"
remains controversial. In Slavic languages that word is "Slowianie",
"Slovene", or something similar, with obvious similarities to word slowo
or slovo meaning "word". Slowianie would mean
"people who can speak", as opposed to the Slavic word for Germans,
"Niemcy", that is, "dumb", "people who cannot
speak" (compare the Greek coinage of the term "barbarian"). Another obvious similarity links "Slavs" to the word slawa
or slava, that is "glory" or
"praise" (with a root in common with slowo - someone glorious
has a word, a tale, spreading about him). Some linguists believe, however, that
these obvious connections mislead, despite the early translation of the Greek
word orthodoxos ("Correct/right",
"glorifying/praising") having its equivalent in pravoslavni
with pravo meaning "right" or "correct" and slavni
meaning "those who praise" or "those who glorify" [God].
The English word "slave" has its root in
the Slavic ethnonym, because the Roman Empire often used Slavs as slaves. See this external etymology.
Prehistorically, the Slavs, like all putative Indoeuropeans, inhabited a region
in Asia, from which they migrated in the 3rd or 2nd millennium BC to populate parts
of eastern Europe.
Subsequently, many peoples were forced by economic
conditions to migrate, and passed through or settled in these European lands of
the Slavs. In the middle of the 1st
millennium BC, Celtic tribes settled
along the upper Oder river (Odra), and Germanic tribes settled on the lower Vistula and lower Oder river, usually without displacing the Slavs there. The lands of the Elbe, Oder and Vistula
Finally, the movement westward of the Germans in
the 5th and 6th centuries A.D. - necessitated by the onslaught of people from the Far East: Huns, Avars, Bulgars and Magyars - started the great
migration of the Slavs, who proceeded in the Germans' wake
westward into the country between the Odra and the Elbe-Saale line, southward into Bohemia, Moravia, the Pannonian
plain and the Balkans, and northward along the upper Dnieper river.
Slavs in the Historical
Period
When their migratory movements ended there appeared
among the Slavs the first rudiments of state organizations, each headed by a prince with a treasury and defense
force, and the beginning of class differentiation, with nobles who pledged
allegiance to the Frankish and Holy Roman Emperors. Numerous Slavic
place names of the Peloponesus date to the second century C.E.
Either Karantania or the Principality of Nitra and the Moravian principality (see under Great
Moravia) formed the first known Slavic states. In this period
there existed central Slavic groups and states such as the Blatensko
Knezevstvo or the Severans, but the eventual expansion of the Magyars and the Romanians separated the northern and southern Slavs. An explanation of the
distinction between the western and eastern Slavs remains to be
written.
In the historic period scarcely any unity developed
among the various Slavic peoples, although faint traces of co-operation
sometimes appeared.
Because of vastness and diversity of the territory
occupied by Slavic peoples, there were several centers of Slavic consolidation,
which was never complete for many reasons. In the 19th century, Pan-Slavism developed as a movement among intellectuals, scholars, and poets, but
it rarely influenced practical politics. The common Slavic experience of Soviet
communism after World War
II within the Eastern
bloc (Warsaw Pact) didn't provide anything more than a high-level political and economic
alliance, again hegemonic.
Adolf
Hitler and Nazi
Germany claimed the racial superiority of the Germanic
people, particularly over the Semitic and Slavic peoples. One major goal of the Nazi's ethnic programs was
the enslavement of the Slavic peoples, and the reduction their numbers by
killing the majority of the population. Hitler, as evidenced in Mein Kampf, had the aim that the Slavs serve the Third Reich as a permanent slave class.
In religion, the Slavs traditionally divided into
two main groups:
1.those associated with the Eastern Orthodox Church -- most Russians, most Ukrainians, most Belarusians, some
Carpathorussians (Ruthenes), most Serbs, most Bulgarians and most Macedonians
2.those associated with the Roman Catholic Church (both Roman Catholic believers and Uniate adherents) -- Poles, some
Sorbs, some Czechs, some Slovaks, Croats, Slovenes, some Ukrainians, a few
Serbs, a few Macedonians and some Belarusians
The Orthodox/Catholic religious divisions become
further exacerbated by the use of the Cyrillic
alphabet by the Orthodox and Uniates
(Greek Catholics) and of the Roman
alphabet by Catholics.
However, the Sorbs profess Protestantism, as do most of the Czechs, certain Slovaks and a few Slovenes. The Bosniaks are Muslims. These minority religious groups use the Latin alphabet.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/encyclopedia/Slavic_peoples#Slavs_in_the_Historical_PeriodSee
also
- List of
Slavs
- Slavic
mythology
- Slavic
languages
- http://cf.linguistlist.org/cfdocs/new-website/LL-WorkingDirs/forms/langs/get-subtree2.cfm?family=IEL
THE ORIGIN OF SLAVIC NAMES.
he today used names of Slavic paganism
are many and often discussed. Each of them have apologists and opponents; some
are well-grounded and all have goof refutation. That is why everybody decides
for himself how to call the pagan tradition he follows. Here we can only
express our view.
We will never find out for sure how ancient Slavs called their religion. It is
not necesserily for them to have called it anyhow, as they knew no other
religion and it was just an aspect of their life.
In our oppinion it is proper to name the ezichestvo with its own name - Ezichestvo
("heathendom"). The best reason for using this term is that it
existed in our language for more than 1 000 years and means exactly the
pre-christian religious system of our ancestors. In Old-Bulgarian
(Old-Slavonic, Old Church Slavonic) the
word ienzyku has three deffinitions: 1. Tongue (organ); 2.
Language, speech; 3. Nation, tribe;
From this very third meaning was developed the term
"ezichestvo" (people's tradition, national religion - native, not
foreign as christianity or islam). And long time after
the christianisation the ezichestvo existed precisely as people's faith, one of
the the common people, but the christianity remained religion of the
arhystocracy, adopted by the social elite, so it can be easier distinguished
from the plebs.
Another good suggestion is the term rodoverie, i.e. "kin's
faith" or "faith in the kin" (worshipping the clan). Both the
deffinitions characterise the Slavic religion equally good, as it was the only
faith of the clan, the faith, shared by the whole kin, the faith practised by
the kin together, a faith seeking the clan's welfare and a faith deifiing the
clan.
Not so adequate are wide spread names like rodna vera or rodNoverie.
"Rodna", "rodno" means something dependent on the birth,
something by birth, aquired with the fact of birth. Today most of us are
orthodox or catholic Christians by birth, others are Muslims, and nobody is
born pagan, by heritage. We are heathens by choice, by our own conviction, so
the terms "rodna vera"/"rodnoverie" is not acceptable in
our case.
http://ogneslav.tripod.com/home.html
INTRODUCTION
Some linguists have suggested that elements of Basque
words can be detected in many East European names and words. In the following analysis
of a number of Ukrainian, Russian and Polish names I searched for the Basque
element and found that virtually all Slavic names are agglutinated using Basque
vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) roots with frequent use of VCCV endings and with
the vowels interlocking. This form of word agglutination was done with what I
called the "VCV vowel interlocking formula". For more information, see
the Ogam page.
NAMES ENDING IN
"SKI"
A large number of names end in -ski, so let us look at
the suffix "-ski", an ending common to Polish, Ukrainian, Serbian and
Russian family names.
The suffix "-ski" can have many meanings in
Basque.
The reader must keep in mind that the English
"s" in Basque is spelled as "z" while the letter
"s" in Basque is pronounced as a soft "sh".
This means that the Slavic suffix "-ski" may
have originated from "-ski or -zki".
These two suffixes have a number of meanings in
Basque:
aski revenge, sufficient, frequently
azki N.A.
eski stairs, ladder, to offer
ezki linden tree, irritable, small bell, belltower, bellringer
iski pin, needlecase, weapon, joke, mockery
izki shrimp, letter of alphabet, to write
oski shoes, cobbler, coward, afraid
ozki susceptible to the cold
uski N.A.
uzki anus, get lost!, remains, leftovers
Some examples of -ski names:
The "v" in Slavic names is
always represented by a "b" in Basque,
the "c" by a "k".
The “ b” in Slavic is “b”
The first meaning of the following name would be bog (god)
liub (love)
but let us follow the idea.
Bogolyubski, bog-oli-ub.-.ski,
bog bog
boga rower, boatman
oli oli
oliodura anointed, holy
ub. ubi ubil
whirlpool
.ski iski iskirio mockery, joke
(They made) a mockery of the
holy boatman in the whirlpool.
une moquerie sur le saint batelier ,
pris dans le tourbillon.
This refers to the annual voluntary sacrifice of a
young man in the whirlpool of Corryvreckan.
Gzovski, .g.-.zo-ob.-.ski,
.g. ega egarri strong desire
.zo azo -azo to bring about, to make happenob. oba obakuntza improvement
.ski aski askietsi sufficient, adequate
He has a strong desire to bring about adequate improvements.
Il a un fort désir de provoquer des améliorations substancielles.
Bogdan Khmelnitsky, , .bo-og.-.da.-an. .k.-.h.-.me-el.-.ni-it.-.ski,
.bo abo aboskatu to proclaimog. oga ogasun property, land
.da ada adarkadura ramificationan. ana anaiguda civil war
.k. ako akordio agreement.h. oho ohoragarri honorable.me ome omenaldi tributeel. ela ela talk, negotiation
.ni ani anitz manyit. itxi itxi to abandon, to lay down.ski iski iskilo weapon
Proclaim our land at the outcome of the civil war.Proclamez notre patrie,comme résultat de la guerre civile. The honorable agreement is a tribute to the many negotiations achieving the laying down of weapons.
L'accord honorable est un hommage aux nombreuses négociations qui ont permit le dépôt bilatéral des armes. Orlovski, or.-.lo-ob.-.ski,
or. ora oraindanik from now on
.lo alo alokairu salaryob. oba obakuntza improvement
.ski aski askiki adequately
From now on my salary is adequately improved.
Pavlovski, .pa-ab.-.lo-ob.-.ski,
.pa opa opa izan longing forab. aba abadune opportunity
.lo alo alokairu salary, earn moneyob. oba obakuntza betterment, improvement
.ski aski aski sufficient, enough
I am longing for an opportunity to earn a salary sufficient for improvement. Palubiski, .pa-alu-ubi-is.-.ki,
.pa ipa ipartar northernalu alu alukeria repulsive action
ubi ubi ubil whirlpool
is. isu isuri to inspire
.ki uki ukitu to touch, to move The repulsive action (i.e. sacrifice) in the northern whirlpool inspired and touched me.
Prezewalski, .p.-.re-eze-al.-.ski, (the "w" is usually meaningless)
.p. ape apellaniz pasture.re ere erreka streameze eze ezeizabarrena under the fir trees
al. ale aleketa grain in abundance
.ski eski eskindu to offer In the pasture by the stream under the firs we offered them grain in abundance.
Starokadomski: .sta-aro-oka-ado-om.-.ski,
.sta esta estali to shelteraro aro aro weather
oka oka okaztagarri disgusting
ado ado adoretasun courage
om. ome omen egin to pay tribute.ski eski eskini offering, devotional Sheltered from the disgusting weather we paid tribute (to their) courage with a devotional.
Stravinski, .s.-.tra-abi-in.-.ski,
.s. asa asarredun angered.tra atra atrapala noise, soundabi abi abiatsuki impulsively
in. ina inarrosketa to shake
.ski aski askitan frequently, often When angered by the sound, he often shook impulsively.
Riasanovski, .ri-asa-ano-ob.-.ski,
.ri iri irritsatu to yearn forasa asa asagotu to go far away
ano ano ano food supply
ob. oba oba better
.ski aski askiki plentiful He yearned to go far away with a better and more plentiful food supply.
Tchaikovski, txai-aiko-ob.-.ski,
txai txai txairo graceful
aiko aiko aiko maikoka making excuses
ob. oba obakuntza improvement
.ski aski aski enough, satisfactory
Gracefully making excuses (and showing) satisfactory improvement.
It is safe to assume that all -ski names have such sentences written in them, although not all yield their hidden sentence as readily as the ones above did.
NAMES ENDING IN "ITCH"
The ending "-itch" can also have several meanings. In Basque
the sharp "sch" is
written as "x", which spelling will
be used here:
itxa to await, to hope, to trust, expectation, seaitxe N.A.itxi to shut in, to close, to abandon, to denounce, to permititxo to wait, waiting roomitxu aspect, appearance, absurd, similar, to simulate, hypocrite, imposter, pretense, to transform Adamovitch, ada-amo-obi-itx.,
ada ada adatz long hair, long braids
amo amo amona grandmother
obi obi obi grave
itx. itxi itxiarazi to enclose
Grandmother's long braids were enclosed in her grave.
Mostovitch, .mo-os.-.to-obi-itx.,
.mo amo amona grandmotheros. oso oso simple.to oto otoi prayerobi obi obi grave
itx. itxi itxi to close
(After) grandmother's simple prayer the grave was closed.
Rabinovitch, .ra-abi-ino-obi-itx.,
.ra era erauntsi violent stormabi abi abiatu to begin
ino ino inon somewhere
obi obi obiratu to bury
itx. itxa itxaso sea
A violent storm is beginning; bury (him) somewhere at sea.
Topalovitch, .to-opa-alo-abi-itx.
.to ato ator Come!opa opa opari egin to give
alo alo alorgizon farmer
obi obi obiratze burial
itx. itxu itxurazko decentCome, let's give the farmer a decent burial.
'alo' could also stand for alogereko (mercenary):
Come let's give the mercenary a decent burial. NAMES ENDING WITH "KO"
Another common ending is -ko which may come from:
ako: agreement, contract, tradition, memory
eko: to produce, fertile, ecology, economy, administrator
iko: lump, swelling, stonemason's hammer
oko: cattle stable, pasture next to the house, chin, dewlap
uko: refusal, negative, elbow
Atamanenko,
ata-ama-ane-en-.-ko,
ata
ata ataldu
to divide
ama ama ama
mother
ane ane anega
measure of grain
en. ena -ena plural
possessive suffix
.ko ako akordiozko
according to tradition, as usual
Mother divided our measure of grain according to tradition.
Macarenko, .ma-aka-are-en.-.ko,
.ma
ama ama
mother
aka aka akabu
perfect
are are arrera
reception, welcome
en. ene enetan
always
.ko eko ekoizkor
productive, lavish, generous
Mother's perfect welcome was always generous.
SOME OTHER TYPICALLY SLAVIC NAMES
Baranof, .ba-ara-ano-ob.,
.ba
aba abade
priest
ara ara arrapatu
to get drunk
ano ano ano
wine
ob. oba
obaez of course
The priest got drunk on wine, of course.
Baryluk, .ba-ari-ilu-uk.,
.ba eba ebaskindegi hide-outari ari arinari eman to escapeilu ilu iluntasun darknessuk. uka ukan to have
He escaped from his hiding place during darkness.
Boyar, .bo-oia-ar.,
.bo ebo eboluzionatu to develop, cultivateoia oia oian forestar. ara arazo task
Cultivating the forest (is their) task.
Cossack, ko-os.-.sa-ak.,
ko ko kontaezinbesteko innumerable, all the people
os. osa osatu to unite.sa asa asaben ancestralak. ako akordu tradition
Unite all the people in the ancestral tradition.
Dmitriev, .d.-.mi-it.-.ri-eb.,
.d. idu iduki to have.mi umi umiltasun humilityit. ita itxaro to trust.ri ari -ari missioneb. eba ebanjelari evangelist
Have humility, and trust in the evangelist's mission.
Dumala, .du-uma-ala,
.du idu iduki to haveuma uma uma child ala ala alaitu to fill with joyHaving a child fills (me) with joy.
Dzogan, .d.-.zo-oga-an.,
.d. ida idatziz to record.zo azo azokalari merchantoga oga ogasun wealthan. ane anega grain measure, supply
He records the wealthy merchant's